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Adaptive evolution of the vertebrate skeletal muscle sodium channel Genet. Mol. Biol.
Lu,Jian; Zheng,Jianzhou; Xu,Qinggang; Chen,Keping; Zhang,Chiyu.
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a highly potent neurotoxin that blocks the action potential by selectively binding to voltage-gated sodium channels (Na v). The skeletal muscle Na v (Na v1.4) channels in most pufferfish species and certain North American garter snakes are resistant to TTX, whereas in most mammals they are TTX-sensitive. It still remains unclear as to whether the difference in this sensitivity among the various vertebrate species can be associated with adaptive evolution. In this study, we investigated the adaptive evolution of the vertebrate Na v1.4 channels. By means of the CODEML program of the PAML 4.3 package, the lineages of both garter snakes and pufferfishes were denoted to be under positive selection. The positively selected sites identified...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Skeletal muscle voltage-gated Na (Na v1.4) channel; Tetrodotoxin (TTX); Positive selection; Pufferfish; Garter snake.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572011000200026
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Staircase in mammalian muscle without light chain phosphorylation BJMBR
Rassier,D.E.; Tubman,L.A.; MacIntosh,B.R..
In disuse atrophied skeletal muscle, the staircase response is virtually absent and light chain phosphorylation does not occur. The purpose of the present study was to determine if staircase could be restored in atrophied muscle with continued absence of myosin light chain phosphorylation, by reducing what appears to be an otherwise enhanced calcium release. Control (untreated) and sham-operated female Sprague-Dawley rats were compared with animals after 2 weeks of complete inactivity induced by tetrodotoxin (TTX) application to the left sciatic nerve. In situ isometric contractile responses of rat gastrocnemius muscle were analyzed before and after administration of dantrolene sodium (DS), a drug which is known to inhibit Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Potentiation; Ca2+ availability; Tetrodotoxin (TTX); Atrophy; Myosin light chains.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999000100018
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Toxicity of puffer fish: two species (Lagocephalus laevigatus, linaeus 1766 and Sphoeroides spengleri, Bloch 1785) from the Southeastern Brazilian coast J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis.
Oliveira,J. S.; Pires Junior,O. R.; Morales,R. A. V.; Bloch Junior,C.; Schwartz,C. A.; Freitas,J. C..
In Brazil, where puffer fish are considered poisonous, there are few documented cases on human consumption and consequent poisoning. In this study, toxicity of two puffer fish species from the Brazilian coast was examined. Specimens of Sphoeroides spengleri and Lagocephalus laevigatus were caught in São Sebastião Channel (North coast of São Paulo State, Brazil) between January 1996 and May 1997. Acidic ethanol extracts from muscle and skin plus viscera were tested for mice acute toxicity using the standard method of Kawabata. Polar extracts of S. spengleri showed high toxicity up to 946 MU/g. Extracts from L. laevigatus showed very low levels of toxicity, never exceeding 1.7 MU/g. All extracts from both species blocked amielinic nerve fiber evoked impulses...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Puffer fish; Brazilian puffer; Tetrodotoxin (TTX); Envenoming; HPLC and mass spectrometry.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992003000100005
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